Növénytermelés / Volume 63 / Issue 3 (September 2014) / pp. 73-94
PEPÓ P; CSAJBÓK J
The role of agrotechnical elements in the production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
The impact of the main agrotechnical elements (fertilisation, crop rotation, crop protection, irrigation) of a long-term experiment established on chernozem soil in 1983 on the yield and yield surplus of winter wheat was observed. The examined period of the experiment was 2004–2013 (10 years), during which there were different crop years (dry, average, wet). The method of examination was the decomposition of variance components. According to the results of the long-term experiment, the yield of wheat in the non-fertilised (control) treatment in biculture crop rotation was 2.33–2.86 t ha-1, while it was 5.60–6.46 t ha-1 in triculture. Using optimal agrotechnics, the maximum yield of wheat increased to 6.68–8.23 t ha-1 in biculture and 7.39–9.00 t ha-1 in triculture. The method of decomposing variance components showed that the impact of each agrotechnical factor on wheat greatly different depending on the given crop year and crop rotation. The following impacts on wheat yield surplus were observed during the performed examinations: fertilisation: 50%, crop rotation: 28%, crop protection: 16%, irrigation: 2%.
Keywords: winter wheat, long-term experiment, agrotechnical elements, yield