An experiment was conducted to investigate the complex, interactive effects of ecological (weather) and agrotechnical factors (crop rotation, fertilisation, irrigation) on the yield of our two most important cereal crops (winter wheat, maize). The obtained results showed that winter wheat provided the highest yields in years with average water availability (8167 kg ha-1 in biculture, 8718 kg ha-1 in triculture), while maize provided the highest yields in years with favourable water availability (13014 kg ha-1 in monoculture, 12599 kg ha-1 in biculture, 12795 kg ha-1 in triculture). The yield of winter wheat in the performed experiment was determined by fertilization, crop rotation and crop protection to 50%, 28% and 16%, respectively. The effect of agro-technical factors was significantly different in the long-term maize experiment (fertilisation 39%, crop rotation 28%, irrigation 14%, crop density 7% effect on yield).

Keywords: long-term experiment, winter wheat, maize, crop year, agrotechnical element